Open and closed foam cell size can easily be determined using the light microscope by taking reflected light images of the foam cross-section then measuring a fixed distance and counting the number of cells in that distance. Using a specific mathematical formula, an accurate determination of the three dimensional volume of the cells can be made and the number of cells per unit measure can be obtained.

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* EDX is Energy Dispersive X Ray, LOM is Light Optical Microscopy, OC is Optical Comparator, SEM is Scanning Electron Microscopy, TEM is Transmission Electron Microscopy